General Sources Consulted

(factual verification on entries only)

American National Biography. 24 vols. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

The Dictionary of Art. Jane Turner, editor. 34 vols. New York: Grove's Dictionaries, 1996.

Enciclopedia biografica e bibliografica "Italiana." Milan: E. B. B. I., Istituto editoriale italiano B. C. Tosi, 1936ff.

Encyclopedia of Aesthetics. Michael Kelly, editor. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Directory of American Scholars. "History" volume. New York: R. R. Bowker, [various older editions].

Dictionary of Twentieth Century Art. Ian Chilvers, ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Neue deutsche Biographie. Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1953ff.

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, formerly Dictionary of National Biography.

Proceedings of the British Academy. ["Memoirs" section of relevant volumes.] London: British Academy.

Saur Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon: Die bildenden Künstler aller Zeiten und Völker. Munich: K.G. Saur, 1992- .

Thieme, Ulrich; Becker, Felix; Willis, Fred. C.; and Vollmer, Hans. Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. 36 vols. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1907-50.

Country Code List

(no longer used)

A - Austrian
CZ - Czech and Slovak
D - Dutch
DK - Danish
F - French
G - German
GR - Greek
H - Hungarian
I - Italian
N - Norwegian
P - Polish
R - Russia
SP - Spanish
SW - Swiss
UK - British
US - United States